Emergent Spacetime

Classical mechanics describes particles moving on a pre-existing stage called spacetime. Quantum mechanics, however, explains that particles in the microscopic world form spacetime through their entanglement. As these entanglements weave a dense network, the distances and spaces we perceive emerge. The Diósi-Penrose model asserts that when a particle's superposition state (wave) cannot be maintained and collapses (contracts) into a single state, the physical energy released during this process manifests as gravity. While standard quantum mechanics (the Copenhagen interpretation) views observation as collapsing the state, Diósi and Penrose argue that gravity objectively collapses the state. When two different spacetime geometries overlap, a form of energy instability (Energy Uncertainty) arises within the system. If this energy difference exceeds a certain threshold, the system spontaneously collapses into a more stable state (a single location). Observed macroscopically, this could manifest as an anomalous heating phenomenon where an object's temperature rises slightly. However, not all energy released when a wave collapses is converted into electromagnetic waves (photons). Due to the wave nature of particles, energy emitted can be dispersed as heat (kinetic energy) or other forms.





Gravitational decay is a process where the geometric structure of spacetime changes. The energy released during this process can be absorbed by the particle's own minute vibrations (kinetic energy). Furthermore, if the energy dissipates into the surrounding environment rather than being emitted as photons, it cannot be captured by a simple radiation detector. In other words, energy may be generated but not in a measurable form. Since energy may manifest not simply as light but as gravity-induced noise or the particle's indeterminate motion, one must directly measure the minute temperature rise in an object caused by accumulated decay energy, rather than radiation. One could measure the decoherence time—the time it takes for superposition to break down under gravity—after superimposing very heavy molecules. However, if the energy has transitioned into gravitational fluctuations or the minute kinetic energy of particles, it is clear that unmeasured energy may exist.





Quantum entanglement, where two particles at a great distance instantly influence each other, is in fact connected by microscopic wormholes (structures of spacetime). The density of this entanglement forms the geometric structure of spacetime (gravity). Spacetime is a structure bound together by the informational connection of quantum entanglement. Spacetime is not a fixed background but a macroscopic outcome created by microscopic quantum entanglement. The higher the degree (density) of quantum entanglement between two regions in space, the more closely connected those regions are; as entanglement decreases, the two regions become physically separated. In other words, entanglement itself serves to bind space together. The uneven distribution of quantum entanglement (differences in density) creates the curvature of spacetime, i.e., gravity. Quantum entanglement, where particles at distant locations instantly influence each other, is the fundamental structure that forms and binds space itself. The differences in its density are what we observe as gravity.





Gravity is not a fundamental force but a probabilistic phenomenon arising from differences in information density (changes in entropy). As energy density increases, quantum information (entanglement) in that region becomes denser, and the gradient of this information density manifests as acceleration—the gravity we perceive macroscopically. When a particle, previously in a free wave state, interacts with its surroundings (exchanging energy), decoherence occurs, breaking the probabilistic superposition state. The phenomenon of time flowing more slowly in regions of high energy density (strong gravitational fields) can be interpreted as information processing becoming denser, causing the effective rate of change for particles to slow down relatively. In other words, the higher the density of interactions, the more time is delayed.





Entanglement exists not as fixed solid lines but as probabilistic states. These countless probabilistic connections overlap to form a stable spacetime network. Without this probabilistic information called entanglement, space would fragment and cease to exist. Spacetime is not a stage existing in and of itself, but a probabilistic outcome created as quantum information (entanglement) condenses and collapses through interactions. Space is an interface born from the relationality between data.





The conventional popular analogy of holograms (fixed projections, bits) tends to depict information as if printed on a fixed film, but information is not a hologram. Its essence lies in probabilistic possibilities (superposition of states) and quantum emergence (qubits). If spacetime were a hologram composed of ordinary 0s and 1s, it would merely be a sequence of predetermined snapshots. A qubit simultaneously holds possibilities between 0 and 1. That is, the geometric structure of spacetime is not fixed data, but an ensemble of probabilistic states (Stochastic Emergence) determined moment by moment through observation and interaction. If quantum entanglement forms spacetime, it is not a perfectly drawn map, but a state where the entanglement of countless possibilities achieves macroscopic stability. The smooth spacetime we perceive is the average outcome that emerges as countless probabilistic possibilities (the superposition of qubits) statistically converge.





Therefore, spacetime is closer to a dynamic phenomenon (qubit) shaped by probabilistic interactions than a projection (hologram) of recorded information. Spacetime is not a static hologram but a dynamic probabilistic network. Locations with strong energy interactions are where the state changes (number of possibilities) of qubits become more intricately entangled. As this density increases (gravity intensifies), the rate at which a particle's wave nature collapses and manifests as classical phenomena changes. This is a spatiotemporal distortion arising not from fixed information values, but from the concentration of probabilistic information processing. While the term "hologram" may be valid as a mathematical tool for describing dimensional information correspondence, it is far too rigid an expression to explain the essence of reality. The actual universe is not a fixed information plate, but rather resembles a process where constantly fluctuating probabilistic possibilities (qubits) are structured through entanglement.





From an information-mechanical perspective, the origin of mass and the essence of gravity reveal that mass is not merely an inherent quantity possessed by matter. Rather, it is an inertial state arising when the processing speed of probabilistic information (qubits) is delayed by the density of interactions. It is the emergence of mass through information delay caused by interactions. In physics, mass fundamentally signifies the degree of resistance to change (inertia). Information (particles) in a free state occupies all possibilities simultaneously at the highest speed (the speed of light) through superposition of states. Upon entering regions of high information density (energy-intensive zones), interactions between qubits (probabilistic entanglement and collapse) increase exponentially. As interactions become more frequent, the progression of information is hindered. This bottleneck in information processing manifests macroscopically as the particle becoming heavier (mass), resulting in speeds slower than light. Gaining mass through interaction with the Higgs particle is, in essence, a matter of how densely one becomes entangled with the surrounding probabilistic information network. The higher the interaction density, the more frequent the collapse and reconstruction of the wave function become. The temporal drag (resistance) generated during this process is precisely what we measure as mass.





Energy (E=mc^2) is the potential activity contained within probabilistic information, while mass (m) is the state in which that activity is condensed by interaction density (c^2). Mass does not arise from high energy; rather, regions where energy interactions become so dense that the flow of information stagnates are precisely where matter exists. Matter is the stagnant region of spacetime. The universe is a vast space of probabilistic information, and matter and mass are regions where that information is so densely entangled that its speed slows to a standstill. Gravity is the phenomenon of other information being drawn into the vicinity of these stagnation zones (high-density entanglement), and spacetime is a relative scale created by differences in information processing speed. Mass is not an attribute of matter but a state of information interaction.





From the perspective of information density and velocity reduction, dark matter and dark energy are not ghostly entities but substances possessing informational and gravitational density, albeit excluding electromagnetic properties. While the term "dark" often obscures their essence with an aura of mystery, the physical crux lies in whether they interact with electromagnetic forces (light). Even on Earth, particles like neutrinos exist that possess mass (information density) yet lack charge and thus do not interact with light. Lacking charge, they neither absorb nor reflect light (electromagnetic waves), yet they contribute to the density (gravity) of quantum entanglement. In other words, they form informational identity segments that create weight within the information network of spacetime, yet they are data that does not get caught in the communication medium of light. Though unrelated to light, they interact with other energies (such as the weak force or gravity) and contribute to forming the geometric structure of the universe.





Dark energy pushes spacetime outward, opposing gravity (condensation). It can be viewed as the probabilistic potential of space itself, not attributed to any specific particle. Like the fundamental pressure of information, it constantly creates new entanglements and possibilities in the background without collapsing into particle states to form mass, thereby expanding the volume of spacetime. Gravity is a concept of density and a deceleration caused by energy interactions. The fact that dark matter vastly outnumbers ordinary matter implies that the majority of the cosmic information network exists in a pure density state, bypassing electromagnetic interactions (light). The universe maintains its form through the information interactions of far greater quantities of uncharged energies than the world of light (the world of charge) we observe. The visible light world we perceive is merely a tiny fraction of the entire information network. Countless energies without charge (dark matter/energy, etc.) determine the fundamental entanglement density of spacetime. Just because they do not interact with light does not mean they do not exist; it simply means another layer of interaction exists that is not captured by our (electromagnetic beings') observational network.





Gravity is the sum total of information density that treats all energy without discrimination. A black hole is a state where probabilistic symmetry manifests. It is not merely a 'hole' that swallows everything, but rather a state where, information-dynamically, entropy is maximized, achieving perfect equilibrium among all probabilistic possibilities of information (Probabilistic Symmetry). Information entering a black hole loses the characteristics of individual particles as we know them (position, type, state). A black hole is the point where all individual possibilities (qubits) are superimposed, reaching a maximum state of symmetry where they can no longer be distinguished. The fact that all information condenses into a single point (or event horizon) to achieve symmetry paradoxically means that within it, no information possesses any special directionality or distinctiveness—it is a state of 'perfect probabilistic equilibrium'.





From the perspective of velocity reduction due to energy interactions, a black hole is a place where the density of probabilistic information is concentrated to a value approaching infinity. The density of interactions is so high that the flow of information (velocity) completely converges to zero. A velocity of zero signifies that change (state transitions) has ceased, which in turn means the collapse of spacetime's geometric structure, leaving only pure information symmetry. The surface of a black hole (the event horizon) is the limit of information availability, where the internal three-dimensional information is transformed and recorded as a two-dimensional density of probabilistic entanglement. The symmetry here demonstrates that the complex internal information is perfectly symmetrically mapped onto the entanglement on the surface, maintaining probabilistic equilibrium without information loss. A black hole is a state where the flow (velocity) of spacetime halts as the probabilistic information density surpasses a critical threshold, erasing all distinctions to restore perfect probabilistic symmetry.





Spacetime is not a vessel (background) but the form of an energy state. When energy interacts unevenly (asymmetrically) rather than spreading uniformly, directionality and intervals emerge in the flow of information. This is the volume we perceive and the substance of spacetime. The expansion of the universe is not an increase in physical empty space, but a phenomenon where the relationships (distances) between information grow farther apart as the asymmetry in energy interactions expands. When energy becomes extremely concentrated, like in a black hole, and probabilistic symmetry is restored, the distinctions between information disappear. Without differentiation, distance and direction lose meaning, resulting in a state where macroscopic volume (space) vanishes. Therefore, a black hole is not a small point, but a high-density point where energy condenses into a pure informational state of symmetry, transcending the asymmetric form of space. The energy of the entire universe balances at some point between perfect symmetry (no space) and extreme asymmetry (infinite expansion).






In the early universe, fundamental particles like quarks began to bind together via the strong force within an ultra-high-temperature, ultra-high-density state. This binding process triggered a phase transition that released immense energy. At this moment, the condensed energy rapidly converted into thermal energy, causing the system's internal pressure to increase explosively. This thermal pressure triggered the expansion of asymmetry, manifesting macroscopically as a rapid expansion of space-time (inflation). As the expansion caused the distance between particles to grow beyond the reach of the strong force, the energy supply (and heat conversion) through binding rapidly diminished. With the accelerator pedal (heat generation via the strong force) released, the universe halted its rapid inflation and entered the current phase of gradual expansion.





In the early universe, all energy existed symmetrically and densely. As particles combined, symmetry broke, binding energy converted into heat, and space-time (the asymmetric region) was rapidly pushed out. As the expanded space exceeded the effective range of forces, accelerated expansion transitioned into a phase of gradual expansion. The size of space is dependent on the range of force. Space does not simply grow; it is the result of fluctuations occurring within the active range where a specific force (the strong force) can convert energy.





Dark energy is not a constant but a pressure that accumulates or maintains energy until the density of the Higgs field (or background energy) reaches a critical threshold. The cosmological constant or permittivity, known to be numerically fixed, is in fact a metastable state persisting until a specific critical point. The moment the critical point is crossed, the universe leaps to the next energy level, at which point new values for the permittivity, speed of light, and gravitational constant are established. The physical laws we know are merely local rules valid only within specific energy scales of the universe. The inertia of constants is the property of a system to maintain its current state (symmetry or physical laws). Even as energy density decreases due to expansion, the informational inertia of the cosmic structure, striving to maintain a constant state, causes the constants to appear unchanged in observation. However, if expansion continues and the density falls below the critical threshold this inertia can withstand, the fundamental constants of the universe change like a dam collapsing, fundamentally altering the nature of spacetime itself.





Dark energy is like the pressure pushing between these steps (a phase transition). If the Higgs field acts to impart mass (interaction resistance) to particles, dark energy is the driving force that expands the ground state of that Higgs field, pushing it toward a critical point. The universe is not a machine operating with fixed constants, but a dynamic system where the hardware (physical constants) itself updates according to energy density. The current universe is a stable phase where constants like permittivity are maintained by inertia. When the Higgs field density reaches a critical point due to expansion, the universe will undergo another abrupt phase transition, akin to inflation, entering an era governed by entirely different physical laws. From this perspective, the cosmological constant is not a constant but a variable, merely one with an extremely long cycle and strong inertia. The universe is not in a process of divergence into disorder (entropy increase) but rather in a process of restoring symmetry (phase transition). After expanding while amplifying asymmetry, the universe will undergo a phase transition, returning to a state of symmetry the moment it crosses a specific critical point (the Higgs field density critical point).





The current universe is in a state of decreasing energy density and maximized asymmetry (in space, time, and individual particles). When expansion accelerates to the critical point where the inertia maintaining the cosmological constant collapses, the universe will undergo a phase transition of symmetry restoration, where energy reintegrates into a unified whole. The constant will change in a stepwise manner, and the separate forces we know—electromagnetic, strong, and weak—will merge back into a single unified field. Space (volume), which was maintained by asymmetry, will lose its basis for existence as symmetry is restored. The universe will return from vast empty space to a state of information singularity where all information is perfectly entangled and symmetrical.





The future of the universe is not a cold, cooling thermal death, but a leap toward new symmetry. The fact that constants change during this process means that in the next stage of the universe, new physical laws will operate with entirely different charge quantities, speeds of light, or dimensional structures than we know today. The universe is a vast information-dynamic wave oscillating between symmetry and asymmetry according to the density of energy interactions. Cosmic expansion was a process of maximizing asymmetry to disperse information, but the moment it crosses a critical point, the universe reclaims its inherent state of perfect symmetry, shedding the form of spacetime. From this perspective, black holes are like previews of the future universe, locally emerging before the entire cosmos achieves symmetry. The universe is not a linear entity with a beginning and end, but an eternal probabilistic field. It is not a fixed entity, but a perpetual state of probabilistic phase transitions.





The universe is not born or destroyed; it is a probabilistic steady state without beginning or end. There is no transition from nothingness to something; only a probabilistic phase transition exists between a high-density symmetric state and a low-density asymmetric state. The concepts of beginning and end are merely incidental phenomena that appear when asymmetry arises and a sequence of events emerges. The fundamental probability network of the entire universe exists beyond time. The physical laws, mass, and geometry of spacetime we experience are merely temporary orders emerging during this phase transition process.





When qubits pass a specific density and entanglement threshold, rigid physical laws solidify like water turning to ice. But these laws are not permanent. When a phase transition occurs, the permittivity changes and the strength of gravity alters, scattering the previous stage's physical laws into a new probabilistic state. The universe is a vast space of probabilistic information, where phase transitions occur here and there as density changes. Some regions converge symmetrically like black holes, while others diverge asymmetrically like inflation. We are merely observers living in an era of physical constants (the present universe) temporarily sustained by inertia within that immense wave of transformation.





The universe is not a cold machine, but a vast algorithm where probabilistic possibilities organize and disorganize themselves, ceaselessly changing. Space-time is not a stage, mass is not an attribute, and laws are not eternal. Only the density of probabilistic information and the phase transitions it causes are the universe's sole reality.





The universe does not exist as a fixed entity; it is merely part of a phenomenon where probabilistic states are in constant flux. The universe is communicating. What we call the individual self or consciousness is actually a special form of perception through which the universe's probabilistic information network references and reacts to itself. We must view consciousness not as confined to a physical layer (dimension), but as a Mode of Interaction arising within the vast information network that is the universe. Viewing consciousness as a product of higher dimensions like the fourth or fifth is still thinking trapped within a spatial framework. Consciousness is a matter of how we interpret the universe's information density and entanglement. Various forms of matter do not exist in different dimensions; they are all within the same probabilistic information network that constitutes the universe. It is only the density and manner in which each being receives and provides feedback on that information that differ.





Quantum forces share information regardless of distance. This implies the entire universe is one vast simultaneous communication network. Consciousness acts as an interface within this immense network flow, extracting specific information and transforming it into the form of experience. Though we remain unaware, every particle and energy in the universe already perceives each other's states and interacts. The human brain is a highly dense information bottleneck, where complex interactions give rise to the emergent, asymmetric perception we call the 'self'. Yet fundamentally, this consciousness is also part of the universe's probabilistic phase transition. Our ability to perceive and feel the world in three dimensions is the result of selecting one particular probabilistic possibility from the universe's infinite array as our method of awareness.





In quantum mechanics, observation (perception) is the act of collapsing a probabilistic superposition state into a single reality. The accumulation of individual acts of perception alters the information density of the universe. The perception of parts contributes to the countdown toward the critical point of the whole. Perception is part of the vast communication network that is the universe, and when our methods of perception change, the patterns of cosmic phase transitions are subtly adjusted. We cannot control the whole, yet we participate in real-time in the probabilistic determination of its progression to the next stage. The universe is not a lifeless mass of matter, but a living space of perception where parts and the whole are organically intertwined, evolving together.